79, killing thousands of people and covering fine villas in ash and lava. In the top the sequence of Greek capital letters spells PIPTOIE (pi-iota-pi-tau- omicron-iota-epsilon) in the bottom the letter sequence of the next line, EIPOI (epsilon-iota-pi-omicron-iota) Mocella et al, Nature Communicationsīoth the Roman city of Pompeii and the nearby, wealthy seaside town of Herculaneum were wiped out when Mount Vesuvius erupted in A.D. According to Joe Uziel, Director of the IAA’s Dead Sea Scrolls Unit, it is possible that Ishmael was an administrative official in the Kingdom of Judah. Here, letters from one of the interior layers of a charred scroll can be read. If authentic, the Ishmael Papyrus, as it is being called, would be one of only three such documents in the IAA’s Dead Sea Scrolls collection that are thought to date to the First Temple period. 79 could finally be read, thanks to a new technique that uses X-ray tomography. Hundreds of rolled, charred papyrus scrolls that were buried in ash in Herculaneum after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. If the new method works, it could be used to reveal the secrets of one of the few intact libraries from antiquity, the researchers said. The Ebers Papyrus is a medical text which is routinely cited as evidence of how medicine and magic were interrelated in ancient Egypt. The Pharaonic Book of the Dead is an ancient Egyptian funerary text which was written on papyrus scrolls and buried with the deceased in their tomb. Extant scrolls range from fragments to one page to the famous Ebers Papyrus which is 110 pages long on a scroll sixty-five feet (20 metres) long. ( Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities ) Ancient Papyrus Contains Texts from Book of the Dead. Made from the pith of flattened reeds, papyrus scrolls are commonly used in Stygia for holding the words of sacred texts. That made it impossible to decipher the words written in the documents. The ancient papyrus was discovered within one of the caskets. This scroll can be filled in, and then shared with others. The material used is too brittle to be very good for the creation of long-form texts, but for simple messages a papyrus scroll is cheap and easy to produce. "The papyri have been burnt, so there is not a huge difference between the paper and the ink," Mocella told Live Science. Made from the pith of flattened reeds, papyrus scrolls are commonly used in Stygia for holding the words of sacred texts. One problem with previous attempts to use X-rays to read the scrolls was that the ancient writers used a carbon-based material from smoke in their ink, said study co-author Vito Mocella, a physicist at the National Research Council in Naples, Italy.
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